New article on the built environment and obesity in Vermont

This just out from the GeoMed group at UVM:

Troy AR, Bonnell LN, Littenberg B. Relationship Between the Built Environment and Body Mass Index in a Rural Context: A Cross-Sectional Study from Vermont. Cureus 2018; 10:e3040.  doi:10.7759/cureus.3040 https://www.cureus.com/articles/11841

Objective 
To evaluate the association between a marker of urban development (commercial building density) and body mass index (BMI) in a predominantly rural context.
Methods 
A cross-sectional analysis of two geocoded datasets from Vermont. The first includes subjects from the Vermont Diabetes Information System (VDIS), an extensively attributed dataset of adult diabetics (n = 610); the second was the complete driver's license records for Vermont (n = 401,367). The dependent variable was BMI, measured objectively for the VDIS data and self-reported for the driver's license data. The explanatory variable was commercial buildings per hectare within 250 m of the home address used as a proxy for walkability. We regressed BMI against density in both datasets, controlling for age and gender; a separate regression was run for the VDIS data, controlling for a number of additional confounders related to health, activity, diet, and income.
Results 
All models demonstrated a significant positive relationship between BMI and commercial building density. For the three VDIS data models, coefficients of density were +0.75, +0.79, and +0.90, all of which indicate an approximate ¾ kg/m2 increase in BMI for each additional commercial facility per hectare (p < 0.01). For the driver’s license data, the coefficient was +0.16, which also indicates an increase in BMI with increasing density (p < 0.01).
Discussion 
We found that BMI displays a positive association with commercial building density in Vermont, which is inconsistent with previous findings. The difference may be due to the unique rural focus of this study. Other characteristics of rural life may be associated with lower incidence of obesity and should be studied further. https://www.cureus.com/articles/11841

Special thanks to Levi Bonnell, MPH (PhD candidate) for finalizing this manuscript.